Week6
Although there are many definitions for modern life, but in 21st century, the idea of passive house is becoming more and more popular. There hundreds of examples for passive houses in 2010 Shanghai World Exposition.
Broad Pavilion provided some main ideas in low carbon architecture: air insulation, natural ventilation by recycling air, new chemical materials, and thick layers of construction. It belongs to a type of passive houses— low carbon houses that reduce the need of energy, so energy use is decreased passively instead of increasing its efficiency actively.
Broad Pavilion is designed by Broad Cooperation and Norway LPO Design Company.[1] It is one of the Cooperate Pavilions in the expo, and used the money completely from Broad Cooperation. Broad Cooperation is a company very famous in China because of its environmental friendly air-conditioners and air recycling machines. The pavilion is been build up within 24 hours, and the whole building process is been recorded posted on YouTube, then became a highly viewed video with more than four million viewing rate. The reason why it can be built within 24 hours is because the architects and designers accurately calculated the dimensions and angles of each piece of building block, and all these steel materials are produced in the factory.[2] Then these steel materials or building blocks are transported to the pavilion site, and a crane carried all the building blocks, then workers matched and combined them together in the right place, so the whole pavilion is been built in a method like children playing with building block.[3] There is no excavator, cement mixer, or any kinds of dust at the constructing site.[4] In Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, the description of Broad Pavilion’s main theme notes
Global sustainable architecture can be generalized as having “9 elements”: comfortable, safe, healthy, energy-saving, material saving, durable, changeable, recyclable and community-oriented. So the design of sustainable architecture must weigh the importance of heat insulation, ventilation, illumination and the energy-conscious saving of cold and heat source equipment against the aesthetics. Broad Pavilion will completely meet these requirements. It brings a surprise to our green lifestyle and makes its own effort to interpret the theme of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China.
This echoes with another characteristic of Broad Pavilion, which is that the pavilion creates zero garbage emission. Construction garbage is 40% of all human garbage emissions.[5] Since all the materials that Broad Pavilion need were produced in the factory and all the workers need to do on site is to put them together according to the design plan, also there’s no use of earth, cement, or any other kind of decorative constructing process, the pavilion itself is a zero garbage emission architecture; however, a traditional building with the same volume creates at least 30ton of construction garbage.[6]
Meanwhile, the pavilion used 170mm thick of polyurethane for all the walls and rooftops; inserted three layers glass windows with recyclable plastic frames; applied systems that automatically insulate sunshine and maintain the temperature inside; put solar panels on the rooftops to collect solar thermal in order to transform into electricity or water heating; and implemented heat recycling machines.[7] The heat recycling machines has a heat recycling efficiency of 70% in the summer, 90% efficiency during winter, and an air purification efficiency of 99%.[8] Air inside the room passing through the heating recycling machine gets emitted into the atmosphere outside; and at the same time, air from the outside goes through the heat exchanging part within the machine, turns into hot or cool air, then released into the room. The amount of energy saved up by this heat recycle machine designed by Broad Cooperation is 21.2ton in terms of oil.[9] Although the total cost of this heat-recycling machine is about 472000RMB, which is around 72000USD, the pay back time is only 3.7 years.[10]
Running these heat recycling machines three times a day in order to circulate the air inside the pavilion thoroughly, 99.9% percent of the dust and bacteria in the outside air is been filtered.[11] Using all of the technology above, the average cost for Broad Pavilion’s construction is only 3000RMB per square meter, which is around 500USD per square meter.[12] The total construction area is 3200 square meters and it is divided into six floors.[13] Because the installation of special windows, rooftops, walls, and natural ventilation, Broad Pavilion only consume 20% of the energy that is used in a same size traditional building.[14]
[1]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[2]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[3]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[4]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[5]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[6]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[7]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[11]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[12]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
[14]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.
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