2010 Shanghai World Exposition

Sunday, December 18, 2011

Week 9: International Pavilions

Germany Pavilion

http://www.expo2010.cn/c/gj_tpl_1887.htm

Germany Pavilion Energy Source

http://www.chinaacsc.com/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=2920

Finland Pavilion (2 images)

http://news.sdchina.com/show/280433.html

Switzerland Pavilion

http://www.123chufa.com/Destination/ShowDestination.asp?DestinationID=1748

Japan Pavilion

http://www.ledgood.com/2010/03/dengguangzhijia-daini-kan-shibohui-riben-guan/

246 countries participated and around 150 international organizations participated in 2010 Shanghai World Exposition. It has the largest number of pavilions in world expo history.

Among all of the pavilions internationally, today’s blog will point out the ones that have significant contributions to low carbon idea.

Germany Pavilion has an energy source generated by a big ball titling to different directions. Audience shout to the big ball following directions from the instructors in pavilion, then the ball will tilt to the louder side.[1] Finland Pavilion used many plastic recyclable materials on its exterior wall, which makes a good natural ventilation and beautiful aesthetic effect at night. [2] World Meteorological Organization Pavilion can spray water from 360 degrees, in order to create a cooler environment around the pavilion, thus people waiting outside to get in would not feel as hot as before.[3] Chile Pavilion and Guinea Pavilion also feature their building in either recyclable glass or natural rock materials.

Japan Pavilion exhibited in the Shanghai World Exposition in 2010 is one of the landmark buildings of the Asia section, and also one of the most eco-friendly pavilions in this exposition. Japan is also a country which has world leading energy efficiency technology; this can be reflects from Japan’s active role in the Kyoto Protocol and many other environmental discussions or agreements organized by UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). As Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China says, “Japan Pavilion will not only be used as Japan’s platform to show their national culture and explore the new environmental protection and energy-saving technologies through its construction, but also serve as an important window for deepening the understanding between the people of China and Japan and expressing the traditional Sino-Japanese friendly neighbor relationship.”[4] Japanese architect 彦坂裕 (Yan Yu Sakamoto), and Zhuzhong (China) Architecture and Engineering Company designed this pavilion.[5]

The semi-spheroid architecture looks like a purple worm from the outside, with three tubes and three caves on tope. The exterior color changes through out the day as the sunlight changes. The Pavilion is covered in a light purple membrane made from ETFE (ethylene-tetra-fluro-ethylene), which lets some light naturally filter into the interior of the building.[6] Also this is a self-clean type of material because it is made of very little adhesive elements.[7] 20-30kw of solar cells have been integrated in between the double layer membrane to generate electricity.[8] Since 20kw is the rate of power production for solar panels according to the Professor Schrag, the total energy production will be 0.02MWh (Mega Watt per year) from those solar cells. As MIT Energy Club Conversion Factors Sheet states the average carbon dioxide emission for electricity generated by major fossil fuels in US is 0.608ton/MWh, which is 5326ton/MWy, so the amount of 0.02MWy of electricity generated by fossil fuel will create about 107ton of CO₂.[9] Since solar energy does not generate any carbon dioxide, so there will be a decrease of 107ton CO₂per year.

The chimney like protrusions care called the “Eco-Tubes”.[10] So the outside air is drawn into ducts passes through the whole structure, and all the way through the basin which has collected rainwater; the rainwater cools the air, the air is “naturally pulled up” to the exhibition rooms through tubes.[11] So it creates natural ventilation. Where does the collected rainwater come from? The official website of Japan Pavilion in Shanghai Expo notes that three caves on top of the Pavilion collects rainwater, and at the same time spray on its exterior surface to keep the overall temperature of the structure cool.[12] This whole Japan Pavilion including parks and walkways around it occupies an area of 6000m².[13] It is a prototype for the future low carbon architecture, and it’s an ideal way to decrease the need for energy in terms of all kinds of end uses in lighting, heating and cooling.

In Japan pavilion, there is a piece of floor generates energy by people stepping on it. It uses gravity as its main energy source, says CCTV (China Central Television). Also, there is a robot playing the violin, which it still plays the music till now if people go to the Japan Pavilion. The idea of featuring the highest technology in robot is to show that in the future, people may use robots for some labor forces, instead of using human beings. In comparison, robots consume much less energy and resources than human beings. However, the existence of robots may create more unemployment rate over time. A “life wall” is displayed with virtual televisions, clocks and bookshelves.[14]

[1]上海世博会建筑施工(Building Construction of Expo 2010 Shanghai China),上海世博会事物协调局，上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，2010，中国，p103.

[2]上海世博会建筑施工(Building Construction of Expo 2010 Shanghai China), 上海世博会事物协调局，上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，2010，中国，p78.

[3]http://www.citygf.com/news/news_001017/201011/t20101102_872374.html

[4]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p49.

[5]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p48.

[6] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/150363887

[7]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p51.

[8] http://inhabitat.com/japan-pavilion-is-a-solar-energy-generating-purple-silkworm-island/

[9]https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mitenergyclub.org%2Fassets%2F2008%2F11%2F15%2FUnits_ConvFactors.MIT_EnergyClub_Factsheet.v8.pdf

[10] http://inhabitat.com/japan-pavilion-is-a-solar-energy-generating-purple-silkworm-island/

[11] http://inhabitat.com/japan-pavilion-is-a-solar-energy-generating-purple-silkworm-island/

[12] http://en.expo2010.cn/c/en_gj_tpl_16.htm

[13] http://en.expo2010.cn/c/en_gj_tpl_16.htm

[14] http://en.expo2010.cn/c/en_gj_tpl_16.htm

Week 8: Ground Plan

上海世博会建筑施工(Building Construction of Expo 2010 Shanghai China), 上海世博会事物协调局，上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，2010，中国，p1-2.

http://www.chinatouristmaps.com/current/shanghai-expo-2010/master-plan.html

http://bigtu.eastday.com/wondertek/shanghai/2010/00177768_big.jpg

An interesting and new aspect of Shanghai World Expo is the use of online world expo. The idea is that by making the ground plan and whole site of Shanghai World Expo into online three-dimensional images, people can get access to Shanghai World Expo at home. The following link is the online world expo:

http://en.expo.cn/index.html#&c=home

Zone A is located in Pudong, east side of the Expo Axis, PTZ Road to the east, and Bailianjing (the river) to the west. Area A, in addition to centralized arrangement of the China Pavilion and the Museum of Asian countries outside Southeast Asia.

Zone B is located west of Area A, east of Pudong Lu Pu Bridge, including a museum, Oceania National Museum, Museum and public international organizations, performing arts centers, sports centers and buildings.

Zone C is located west of Lupu Bridge in Pudong after the beach area,planning layout layout Europe, the Americas, Museum of African countriesand international organizations Museum. Arranged at the entrance of about10 hectares of a large public playground.

Zone D is located in Puxi, west of the Expo Axis, intends to retain the cradle of China's modern national industry Jiangnan Shipyard, the characteristics ofa large number of historic buildings, set to transform corporate pavilions. Inthe east of the site to retain the use of the dock and slipway, planning an outdoor public display and cultural sites.

Zone E is located in Puxi, east of the Expo Axis, the new Museum ofindependent enterprises, the establishment of best practice urban areas.

	Functions
Zone A	China Pavilion, Asian Countries Pavilions (Except South Eastern Asia)
Zone B	Theme Pavilion and other City Pavilions, South Eastern Asia Pavilions, Oceania Countries Pavilions, International Organization Pavilions, Public Activity Center, Performance Center
Zone C	Foreign Countries Pavilions (Europe, America, Africa)
Zone D	Cooperation Pavilions
Zone E	Cooperation Pavilions, UBPA Pavilions.

Sources:

http://www.expo2010.cn/a/20080909/000021.htm

http://en.expo2010.cn/pavilions/index.htm

Great Online Ground Plan Image Source:

http://bigtu.eastday.com/wondertek/shanghai/2010/00177768_big.jpg

http://travel.ce.cn/news/cyzx/201004/22/t20100422_21313207.shtml

Week 7: Art, Music, Film, Performance, and Literature

http://www.51766.com/zhinan/11019/1101964695.html

http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0707/19/967001_132196258.shtml

CHA performance video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjJz6eula1c&feature=related

Shanghai World Expo 2010 presented more than 2 million performing arts and cultural activities from all over the world.[1]

Located in the heart of the Expo site, the Performance Center is the most central architecture in Shanghai World Expo. It is the first size-changeable performance center in China, also it is one of the permanent pavilions. May 1^st 2010 until June 30^th 2010, in the Performance Center (also called Event Hall), the acrobatic drama "CHA" (tea) was presented. There was a blue and white Chinese porcelain cup pot in the middle of the stage. The acrobats’ marital art and dancing skills, combing with the theme of Chinese traditional tea and thick history of china, gave the audience a strong feeling and impression.[2]

Shanghai World Expo will spare no effort in presenting one of the most valuable Chinese historical heritage—Chinese martial arts. Shaolin Wudang (prominent Chinese martial art performers who get trained in the temple called Shaolin in Henan Province China.

Tailored for the Shanghai World Expo Shaolin kung fu drama "Legend of Shaolin's monks" was presented from July 1 to August 31, staging at the Event Hall. Four times each day. "Shaolin 72 secret skills will be demonstrated: boy power, two-finger Zen (standing upside down just with one figure each hand), impregnable cocoon etc."[3]

Similarly, the audience at home and abroad will be the first close contact with the mysterious Taiji (Also called Yin-yang). Taiji performance was presented from July 1 to September 30. Many people in the western people sometimes get confused with the origin of Shaolin, Taiji, and tea. They are absolutely from China.

Carnival parade is also one of the joyful elements in Shanghai Expo. During the World Expo, there were carnivals in Pudong and Puxi, as many as five times a day to start road-style get-togethers. Colorful carnival cars and beautifully dressed actors were singing and dancing, thus created an arty environment for visitors.

In the Performance Center, not only the 2010 Shanghai World Expo venue of choice for opening and closing ceremonies, but also a concert or performance every night for viewers until the last day of Expo. The shows are from China, Asia, Europe, Africa and America. Over the weekend, the world's high-profile performing arts were shown in Performance Center. Domingo, Andrea Bocelli, the prestigious British Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and the United States Philadelphia Orchestra were presented.

Drum performances from Africa, Burundi were presented. Drums are hollowed tree trunks and wrapped with cow leather. Famous Canadian circus, warm samba from Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Argentina Tango, Aladdin, Sinbad Sailing Record, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Nepal's dance parade, traditional Afghan music Sierra Leone National Dance Company performances, Fiji Dance, Indian Bollywood shows, Bolivia dress parade, Kenya Cultural Village show, fire knife dance of Samoa, Solomon Islands’ String and Wind music performance all together made Shanghai World Expo into a global performing arts center.

[1] http://www.expo2010.cn/a/20091203/000006.htm

[2] http://www.expo2010.cn/

[3] http://www.expo2010.cn/a/20091203/000006.htm

Week6: Modern Life and Design

Week6

Although there are many definitions for modern life, but in 21^st century, the idea of passive house is becoming more and more popular. There hundreds of examples for passive houses in 2010 Shanghai World Exposition.

Broad Pavilion provided some main ideas in low carbon architecture: air insulation, natural ventilation by recycling air, new chemical materials, and thick layers of construction. It belongs to a type of passive houses— low carbon houses that reduce the need of energy, so energy use is decreased passively instead of increasing its efficiency actively.

Broad Pavilion is designed by Broad Cooperation and Norway LPO Design Company.[1] It is one of the Cooperate Pavilions in the expo, and used the money completely from Broad Cooperation. Broad Cooperation is a company very famous in China because of its environmental friendly air-conditioners and air recycling machines. The pavilion is been build up within 24 hours, and the whole building process is been recorded posted on YouTube, then became a highly viewed video with more than four million viewing rate. The reason why it can be built within 24 hours is because the architects and designers accurately calculated the dimensions and angles of each piece of building block, and all these steel materials are produced in the factory.[2] Then these steel materials or building blocks are transported to the pavilion site, and a crane carried all the building blocks, then workers matched and combined them together in the right place, so the whole pavilion is been built in a method like children playing with building block.[3] There is no excavator, cement mixer, or any kinds of dust at the constructing site.[4] In Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, the description of Broad Pavilion’s main theme notes

Global sustainable architecture can be generalized as having “9 elements”: comfortable, safe, healthy, energy-saving, material saving, durable, changeable, recyclable and community-oriented. So the design of sustainable architecture must weigh the importance of heat insulation, ventilation, illumination and the energy-conscious saving of cold and heat source equipment against the aesthetics. Broad Pavilion will completely meet these requirements. It brings a surprise to our green lifestyle and makes its own effort to interpret the theme of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China.

This echoes with another characteristic of Broad Pavilion, which is that the pavilion creates zero garbage emission. Construction garbage is 40% of all human garbage emissions.[5] Since all the materials that Broad Pavilion need were produced in the factory and all the workers need to do on site is to put them together according to the design plan, also there’s no use of earth, cement, or any other kind of decorative constructing process, the pavilion itself is a zero garbage emission architecture; however, a traditional building with the same volume creates at least 30ton of construction garbage.[6]

Meanwhile, the pavilion used 170mm thick of polyurethane for all the walls and rooftops; inserted three layers glass windows with recyclable plastic frames; applied systems that automatically insulate sunshine and maintain the temperature inside; put solar panels on the rooftops to collect solar thermal in order to transform into electricity or water heating; and implemented heat recycling machines.[7] The heat recycling machines has a heat recycling efficiency of 70% in the summer, 90% efficiency during winter, and an air purification efficiency of 99%.[8] Air inside the room passing through the heating recycling machine gets emitted into the atmosphere outside; and at the same time, air from the outside goes through the heat exchanging part within the machine, turns into hot or cool air, then released into the room. The amount of energy saved up by this heat recycle machine designed by Broad Cooperation is 21.2ton in terms of oil.[9] Although the total cost of this heat-recycling machine is about 472000RMB, which is around 72000USD, the pay back time is only 3.7 years.[10]

Running these heat recycling machines three times a day in order to circulate the air inside the pavilion thoroughly, 99.9% percent of the dust and bacteria in the outside air is been filtered.[11] Using all of the technology above, the average cost for Broad Pavilion’s construction is only 3000RMB per square meter, which is around 500USD per square meter.[12] The total construction area is 3200 square meters and it is divided into six floors.[13] Because the installation of special windows, rooftops, walls, and natural ventilation, Broad Pavilion only consume 20% of the energy that is used in a same size traditional building.[14]

[1]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[2]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[3]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[4]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[5]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[6]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[7]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[8] http://www.broad.com/pdf/From_community_to_the_Earth.pdf

[9] http://www.broad.com/pdf/From_community_to_the_Earth.pdf

[10] http://www.broad.com/pdf/From_community_to_the_Earth.pdf

[11]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[12]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

22上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.

[14]上海世博会建筑 (Architecture of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, )上海世博会事物协调局&上海市城乡建设和交通委员会主编，上海科学技术出版社，China, 2010, p283.